Prone Back Extension
Also known as: prone back extension hold, floor back extension, lying back extension
- Primary muscleSpine
- EquipmentBodyweight
- DifficultyBeginner
- TypeCompound · Hip-dominant
- Secondary muscles
- Glutes, Hamstrings
- Body part
- Back
- Position
- Prone
- Laterality
- Bilateral (both sides together)
- Category
- Strength
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Flat on the floor with legs down, you simply curl the chest up a few inches, making this the smallest-range and most accessible entry in the extension family. Its ceiling is low, so treat it as a starting point or a high-rep burnout rather than a long-term progression.
How to do the Prone Back Extension
- Lie flat on your stomach with your legs extended and your arms by your sides.
- Engage your glutes and hamstrings, and slowly lift your upper body off the ground, curling your back upwards.
- Pause for a moment at the top, then slowly lower your upper body back down to the starting position.
- Repeat for the desired number of repetitions.
Tip: Keep the neck neutral and look at the floor a few feet ahead of you, not up at the ceiling.
Muscles worked
Primary
Spine · Back
The spinal erectors work both to hold the back in a rigid position and to bring the torso up, and you should feel a burn along both sides of the lower back.
Secondary
- Glutes — The glutes drive the hip extension that lifts the torso, and rounding the upper back slightly with a pelvic tuck shifts more of the work onto them.
- Hamstrings — The hamstrings assist hip extension and get more of a stretch the straighter your legs are on the pad.
Common mistakes
- Hyperextending at the top — the goal is a straight line from head to heels, not an arch; stop when the torso is level with the legs.
- Pad set too high — if the pad sits above the hip crease it blocks the hips from folding and forces the lower back to do all the bending; set it just below the hip bones.
- Using momentum — swinging the torso up fast turns it into a bounce; take two or three seconds on the way down and lift smoothly.
- Adding weight too early — bodyweight sets of 15 with a full pause at the top should feel easy before you hold a plate.
Sets, reps and where it fits
| Goal | Sets × reps | Rest |
|---|---|---|
| Strength | 4–5 × 3–6 | 2–3 min |
| Muscle growth | 3–4 × 6–12 | 90–120 s |
| Endurance | 2–3 × 12–20 | 60 s |
Back extensions are a good accessory after deadlifts or squats, or a stand-alone lower back builder on an upper body day. They pair well with a hamstring curl or a reverse hyperextension on adjacent equipment.
Variations and alternatives
Similar exercises
Without bodyweight
Frequently asked questions
What muscles does the Prone Back Extension work?
The Prone Back Extension primarily works the spine. It also involves the glutes and hamstrings, which assist the movement and stabilise the joints.
Is the Prone Back Extension good for beginners?
Yes. The Prone Back Extension is rated beginner: it uses no equipment beyond your bodyweight and the movement is simple to learn. Start light, focus on the full range of motion and add load once every rep looks the same.
What can I do instead of the Prone Back Extension?
If you cannot do the Prone Back Extension, try the Machine Back Extension, the Back Extension or the Flat Bench Hyperextension. Each of them trains the spine through a similar movement, so you can swap them in without changing the rest of the workout.
How many sets and reps should I do?
It depends on your goal. For the Prone Back Extension, a sensible starting point is strength: 4–5 × 3–6 with 2–3 min rest; muscle growth: 3–4 × 6–12 with 90–120 s rest; endurance: 2–3 × 12–20 with 60 s rest. Put it early in the session while you are fresh, before isolation work for the same muscles.
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