Pistol Squat
Also known as: single-leg squat
- Primary muscleGlutes
- EquipmentBodyweight
- DifficultyAdvanced
- TypeCompound · Knee-dominant
- Secondary muscles
- Quads, Hamstrings, Calves
- Body part
- Upper Legs
- Position
- Standing
- Laterality
- Unilateral (one leg at a time)
- Category
- Strength
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Descending to full depth on one leg while the other hovers out front is as much a mobility exam as a strength feat - ankle range and hip flexor strength fail people more often than the quads do. Build up through box pistols and reps with the heel raised on a small plate; one clean rep per side is a genuine milestone.
How to do the Pistol Squat
- Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and arms extended in front of you.
- Lift your right foot off the ground and extend it forward.
- Slowly lower your body down by bending your left knee and pushing your hips back.
- Keep your chest up and your back straight as you lower yourself down.
- Lower until your left thigh is parallel to the ground, or as low as you can comfortably go.
- Pause for a moment at the bottom, then push through your left heel to return to the starting position.
- Repeat for the desired number of repetitions, then switch legs.
Tip: Screw the feet into the floor and spread it apart to keep the knees out and the arch of the foot from collapsing.
Muscles worked
Primary
Glutes · Legs
The glutes extend the hip on the way up and take more of the load the deeper you go and the wider your stance.
Secondary
- Quads — The quads extend the knee and drive you out of the bottom, and front squats and close stance variations put more on them.
- Hamstrings
- Calves
Common mistakes
- Knees caving inward — push the knees out over the toes on the way up, especially out of the bottom where they most want to collapse.
- Hips shooting up first — if the hips rise faster than the chest on the way up, you turn the squat into a good morning; drive the chest and hips up together.
- Cutting the depth — get the hip crease below the top of the knee on every rep unless mobility genuinely stops you, in which case work on it.
- Losing the brace — take a big breath into the belly before each rep and hold it through the sticking point, then exhale on the way up.
Sets, reps and where it fits
| Goal | Sets × reps | Rest |
|---|---|---|
| Strength | 4–5 × 3–6 per side | 2–3 min |
| Muscle growth | 3–4 × 6–12 per side | 90–120 s |
| Endurance | 2–3 × 12–20 per side | 60 s |
Squats go first in a lower body session when you are freshest. Follow them with Romanian deadlifts or leg press, or superset lighter sets with pull-ups to use the same rack.
Variations and alternatives
Similar exercises
Without bodyweight
Frequently asked questions
What muscles does the Pistol Squat work?
The Pistol Squat primarily works the glutes. It also involves the quads, hamstrings and calves, which assist the movement and stabilise the joints.
Is the Pistol Squat good for beginners?
Not as a starting point. The Pistol Squat is rated advanced because it demands strength, mobility or coordination that takes time to build. Beginners should work up to it through the easier variations listed on this page.
What can I do instead of the Pistol Squat?
If you cannot do the Pistol Squat, try the Dumbbell Pistol Squat, the Kettlebell Pistol Squat or the Box Bulgarian Split Squat. Each of them trains the glutes through a similar movement, so you can swap them in without changing the rest of the workout.
How many sets and reps should I do?
It depends on your goal. For the Pistol Squat, a sensible starting point is strength: 4–5 × 3–6 per side with 2–3 min rest; muscle growth: 3–4 × 6–12 per side with 90–120 s rest; endurance: 2–3 × 12–20 per side with 60 s rest. Put it early in the session while you are fresh, before isolation work for the same muscles.
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