Pull-Up
- Primary muscleLats
- EquipmentBodyweight
- DifficultyAdvanced
- TypeCompound · Pull
Strict reps from a dead hang with an overhand grip remain the benchmark for relative upper-body strength; the lats drive the movement while the biceps and forearms finish it. Every assisted and grip variation in this family exists to build toward or beyond this one, so track your strict max and progress it patiently.
How to do the Pull-Up
- Hang from a pull-up bar with your palms facing away from you and your arms fully extended.
- Engage your core and squeeze your shoulder blades together.
- Pull your body up towards the bar by bending your elbows and bringing your chest towards the bar.
- Pause at the top of the movement, then slowly lower your body back down to the starting position.
- Repeat for the desired number of repetitions.
Tip: Think of pulling your elbows toward your back pockets rather than pulling your chin over the bar.
Muscles worked
Primary
Lats · Back
The lats are the main engine, pulling the upper arm down and into the body; you should feel them at the bottom of each rep when you pull the shoulders down before the elbows bend.
Common mistakes
- Skipping the dead hang — half reps from bent arms skip the hardest part; let the arms straighten fully at the bottom and initiate by pulling the shoulders down first.
- Kipping without meaning to — a swing from the hips makes the rep easier but tells you nothing about your strength; keep the legs still, or cross the ankles and squeeze the glutes.
- Chin poking forward — reaching with the neck is a way to fake the last inch; drive the elbows down and get the chest to the bar instead.
- Adding weight too early — get to eight or ten strict reps before you hang a plate off your belt.
Sets, reps and where it fits
| Goal | Sets × reps | Rest |
|---|---|---|
| Strength | 4–5 × 3–6 | 2–3 min |
| Muscle growth | 3–4 × 6–12 | 90–120 s |
| Endurance | 2–3 × 12–20 | 60 s |
Pull-ups and chin-ups go first or second in a pull session, before rows and pulldowns, while your grip is fresh. They superset well with dips on the same station for a push and pull block.
Variations and alternatives
Similar exercises
Without bodyweight
Frequently asked questions
What muscles does the Pull-Up work?
The Pull-Up primarily works the lats. It also involves the biceps and forearms, which assist the movement and stabilise the joints.
Is the Pull-Up good for beginners?
Not as a starting point. The Pull-Up is rated advanced because it demands strength, mobility or coordination that takes time to build. Beginners should work up to it through the easier variations listed on this page.
What can I do instead of the Pull-Up?
If you cannot do the Pull-Up, try the Single Arm Weighted Pull-Up, the L-Pull-Up or the Archer Pull-Up. Each of them trains the lats through a similar movement, so you can swap them in without changing the rest of the workout.
How many sets and reps should I do?
It depends on your goal. For the Pull-Up, a sensible starting point is strength: 4–5 × 3–6 with 2–3 min rest; muscle growth: 3–4 × 6–12 with 90–120 s rest; endurance: 2–3 × 12–20 with 60 s rest. Put it early in the session while you are fresh, before isolation work for the same muscles.
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